In the Class 10 Science curriculum, the chapter on “Light – Reflection and Refraction” plays a crucial role, especially for board exams. It covers fundamental concepts like the laws of reflection, refraction, critical angle, and total internal reflection, which are frequently tested. Understanding the behavior of light as it travels through different media is essential for students to master problem-solving related to mirrors and lenses. This chapter forms the foundation for many practical applications in optics.
In this article, we will highlight some of the most important questions from the “Light” chapter that are likely to appear in the Class X board exams. These questions are designed to cover a wide range of topics, from basic definitions to numerical problems and diagrams. By practicing these questions, students can enhance their understanding, ensure thorough preparation, and improve their chances of scoring high in the exam.
Light Reflection and Refraction Chapter Wise Important Questions Class 10 Science
Questions and previous year questions from Light Reflection and Refraction Chapter.
Light Reflection and Refraction Chapter Wise Important Questions Class 10 Science
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS [II] [3 Marks] – Year 2007
Light Reflection And Refraction Class 10 Numericals
1. A concave lens has focal length of 20 cm. At what distance from the lens a 5 cm tall object be placed so that it forms an image at 15 cm from the lens? Also calculate the size of the image formed. [Delhi]
Answer.
Light Reflection And Refraction Class 10 Numericals
Light Reflection And Refraction Numericals Class 10
2. An object 50 cm tall is placed on the principal axis of a convex lens. Its 20 cm tall image is formed on the screen placed at a distance of 10 cm from the lens. Calculate the focal length of the lens. [All India]
Answer.
CBSE Class 10 Science – More Resources
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science
CBSE Class 10 Previous Year Question Papers Class 10 Science Important Questions
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTION [5 Marks] – Year 2007
Class 10 Physics Numericals Light
3. Draw the ray diagram in each case to show the position and nature of the image formed when the object is placed:
(i) at the centre of curvature of a concave mirror
(ii) between the pole P and focus F of a concave mirror
(iii) in front of a convex mirror
(iv) at 2F of a convex lens
(v) in front of a concave lens
Answer.
Light Reflection And Refraction Numericals Class 10
Nature of image: Real, inverted and same size image is formed at the centre of curvature.
Class 10 Physics Numericals Light
Nature of image: Virtual, enlarged and erect image is formed behind the mirror.
light-reflection-and-refraction-chapter-wise-important-questions-class-10-science-5
Nature of image: Virtual, erect and diminished, image is formed behind the mirror.
light-reflection-and-refraction-chapter-wise-important-questions-class-10-science-6
Nature of image: Real, inverted and size to size, image is formed at 2F on the other side of lens.
light-reflection-and-refraction-chapter-wise-important-questions-class-10-science-7
Nature of image: Virtual, erect and diminished image is formed between O and F on the same side of object.
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS [1 Mark] – Year 2008
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS [1 Mark] – Year 2008
4. If a light ray IM is incident on the surface AB as shown, identify the correct emergent ray. [Delhi (C)]
light-reflection-and-refraction-chapter-wise-important-questions-class-10-science-8
Answer. Ray NQ, as it has to be parallel to ray OS.
5. The refractive indices of four media A, B, C and D are given in the following table:
light-reflection-and-refraction-chapter-wise-important-questions-class-10-science-9
If light, travels from one medium to another, in which case the change in speed will be (i) minimum, (ii) maximum? [Delhi(C)]
Answer. (i) Minimum change is seen as light moves between 1.50 and 1.52, i.e. B and C.
(ii) Maximum change when light moves between 1.33 and 2.40, i.e. A and D.
6. “The refractive index of diamond is 2.42”. What is the meaning of this statement in relation to speed of light? [Delhi]
Answer.
light-reflection-and-refraction-chapter-wise-important-questions-class-10-science-10
7. Redraw the given diagram and show the path of the refracted ray: [All India(C)]
light-reflection-and-refraction-chapter-wise-important-questions-class-10-science-11
Answer.
light-reflection-and-refraction-chapter-wise-important-questions-class-10-science-12
8. Redraw the given diagram and show the path of the refracted ray: [All India(C)]
light-reflection-and-refraction-chapter-wise-important-questions-class-10-science-13
Answer.
9. Draw the following diagram in your answer book and show the formation of image of the object AB with the help of suitable rays. [All India]
Answer.
light-reflection-and-refraction-chapter-wise-important-questions-class-10-science-16
10. Which kind of mirrors are used in the headlights of a motor-car and why? [Foreign]
Answer. Concave mirror, to get the parallel beam of light.
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS [I] [2 Marks] – Year 2008
11. Explain with the help of a diagram, why a pencil partly immersed in water appears to be bent at the water surface. [Delhi]
Answer. Light from different points on the pencil, immersed in water refracts and appears to come from a point above the original position.
light-reflection-and-refraction-chapter-wise-important-questions-class-10-science-17
12. Draw ray diagrams to represent the nature, position and relative size of the image formed by a convex lens for the object placed:
(a) at 2F1
(b) between F1 and the optical centre O of lens: [All India]
Answer.
light-reflection-and-refraction-chapter-wise-important-questions-class-10-science-18
13. A ray of light, incident obliquely on a face of a rectangular glass slab placed in air, emerges from the opposite face parallel to the incident ray. State two factors on which the lateral displacement of the emergent ray depends. [Foreign]
Answer. Lateral displacement depends on the:
angle of incidence,
thickness of slab, and
refractive index of the material. (any two)
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS [II] [3 Marks] – Year 2008
14. An object 2 cm in size is placed 30 cm in front of a concave mirror of focal length 15 cm. At what distance from the mirror should a screen be placed in order to obtain a sharp image? What will be the nature and the size of the image formed? Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of the image in this case. [Delhi(C)]
Answer.
light-reflection-and-refraction-chapter-wise-important-questions-class-10-science-19
15. An object 2 cm high is placed at a distance of 64 cm from a white screen. On placing a convex lens at a distance of 32 cm from the object it is found that a distinct image of the object is formed on the screen. What is the focal length of the convex lens and size of the image formed on the screen? Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of the image in this position of the object with respect to the lens. [Delhi(C)]
Answer. Since, object-screen distance is double of object-lens separation, the object is at a distance of 2f from the lens and the image should be of the same size of the object.
light-reflection-and-refraction-chapter-wise-important-questions-class-10-science-20
16. A convex lens has a focal length of 10 cm. At what distance from the lens should the object be placed so that it forms a real and inverted image 20 cm away from the lens? What would be the size of the image formed if the object is 2 cm high? With the help of a ray diagram show the formation of the image by the lens in this case. [All India (C)]
Answer.
light-reflection-and-refraction-chapter-wise-important-questions-class-10-science-21
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTION [5 Marks] – Year 2008
17. (a) It is desired to obtain an erect image of an object, using a concave mirror of focal length 20 cm.
(i) What should be the range of distance of the object from the mirror?
(ii) Will the image be bigger or smaller than the object?
(iii) Draw a ray diagram to show the image formation in this case.
(b) One half a convex lens of focal length 20 cm is covered with a black paper.
(i)Will the lens produce a complete image of the object?
(ii)Show the formation of image of an object placed at 2F1 of such covered lens with the help of a ray diagram.
(iii)How will the intensity of the image formed by half-covered lens compare with non-covered lens? ‘ [Foreign]
Answer.
light-reflection-and-refraction-chapter-wise-important-questions-class-10-science-22
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS [1 Mark] – Year 2009
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS [1 Mark] – Year 2009
18. Redraw the diagram given below in your answer book and show the direction of the light ray after reflection from the mirror. [Delhi (C)]
light-reflection-and-refraction-chapter-wise-important-questions-class-10-science-23.
Answer.
light-reflection-and-refraction-chapter-wise-important-questions-class-10-science-24
19. Redraw the diagram given below in your answer book and show the direction of the light ray after reflection from the mirror. [Delhi (C)]
light-reflection-and-refraction-chapter-wise-important-questions-class-10-science-25
Answer.
20. Redraw the diagram given below in your answer book and show the direction of the light ray after reflection from the mirror. [Delhi (C)]
light-reflection-and-refraction-chapter-wise-important-questions-class-10-science-27
Answer.
21. Redraw the diagram given below in your answer book and show the direction of the light ray after refraction from the lens. [Delhi, All India(C)]
light-reflection-and-refraction-chapter-wise-important-questions-class-10-science-29
Answer.
22. Why does a ray of light bend when it travels from one medium into another? [Delhi]
Answer. Due to change in velocity in the medium and to reduce the time taken to travel the same.
23. Redraw the diagram given below in your answer book and show the direction of the light ray after refraction from the lens. [All India (C)]
light-reflection-and-refraction-chapter-wise-important-questions-class-10-science-31
Answer.
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS [I] [2 Marks] – Year 2009
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS [I] [2 Marks] – Year 2009
24. What is the minimum number of rays required for locating the image formed by a concave mirror for an object. Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of a virtual image by a concave mirror. [Delhi]
Answer.
25. The refractive index of water is 1.33 and the speed of light in air is 3 x 108 ms-1. Calculate the speed of light in water. [Foreign]
Answer.
26. The refractive index of glass is 1.50 and the speed of light in air is 3 x 108 ms-1. Calculate the speed of light in glass. [Foreign]
Answer.
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS [II] [3 Marks] – Year 2009
27. For which position of the object does a convex lens form a virtual and erect image? Explain with the help of a ray diagram. [All India]
Answer. When the object is placed between the focus and the optical centre, a virtual and erect image is formed.
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS [1 Mark] – Year 2010
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS [1 Mark] – Year 2010
28. Explain why a ray of light passing through the centre of curvature of a concave mirror, gets reflected along the same path. [Delhi]
Answer. The ray passing through the centre of curvature incident to the mirror along its normal so ∠i= ∠r = 0. Therefore, the ray retraces its path.
29. What is the nature of the image formed by a concave mirror if the magnification produced by the mirror is +3? [Delhi]
Answer. Positive sign of magnification indicates that image is virtual, erect and enlarged.
30. Between which two points of a concave mirror should an object be placed to obtain a magnification of -3? [Delhi]
Answer. Negative sign of magnification indicates that image is real and inverted. Also size of image is enlarged. So, object must be positioned between F and 2F, i.e. C.
31. “The refractive index of carbon disulphide is 1.63.” What is the meaning of this statement in relation to speed of light? [Delhi]
Answer. Speed of light in carbon disulphide is 1/1.63 times the speed of light in free space.
32. The outer surface of a hollow sphere of aluminium of radius 50 cm is to be used as a mirror. What will be the focal length of this mirror? Which type of spherical mirror will it provide? [Delhi]
Answer. f = R/2 = 25 cm. It will form a convex mirror.
33. Between which two points related to a concave mirror should an object be placed to obtain on a screen an image twice the size of the object? [All India]
Answer. Real Image: Between F and C.
34. How should a ray of light be incident on a rectangular glass slab so that it comes out from the opposite side of the slab without being displaced? [Foreign]
Answer. Along the normal to the surface or at an incident angle of i = 0°.
35. A girl was playing with a thin beam of light from her laser torch by directing it from different directions on a convex lens held vertically. She was surprised to see that in a particular direction the beam of light continues to move along the same direction after passing through the lens. State the reason for this observation. [Foreign]
Answer. A ray of light passing through the optical centre of the convex lens will continue to move along the same direction after refracting through the lens.
36. A ray of light enters a rectangular glass slab of refractive index 1.5. It is found that the ray emerges from the opposite face of the slab without being displaced. If its speed in air is 3 x 108 ms-1 then what is its speed in glass? [Foreign]
Answer.
37. The speed of light in a transparent medium is 0.6 times that of its speed in vacuum. What is the refractive index of the medium? [Foreign]
Answer.
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTION [I] [2 Marks] – Year 2010
38. In an experiment with a rectangular glass slab, a student observed that a ray of light incident at an angle of 55° with the normal on one face of the slab, after refraction strikes the opposite face of the slab before emerging out into air making an angle of 40° with the normal. Draw a labelled diagram to show the path of this ray. What value would you assign to the angle of refraction and angle of emergence? [All India]
Answer.
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTION [II] [3 Marks] – Year 2010
39. At what distance should an object be placed from a convex lens of focal length 18 cm to obtain an image at 24 cm from it on the other side. What will be the magnification produced in this case? [Delhi]
Answer.
40. How far should an object be placed from a .convex lens of focal length 20 cm to obtain its image at a distance of 30 cm from the lens? What will be the height of the image if the object is 6 cm tall? [All India]
Answer.
41. The image of an object placed at 60 cm in front of a lens is obtained on a screen at a distance of 120 cm from it. Find the focal length of the lens. What would be the height of the image if the object is 5 cm high? [Foreign]
Answer.
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTION [I] [2 Marks] – Year 2011
42. State the two laws of reflection of light. [Delhi]
Answer. Laws of reflection of light are:
The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
The incident ray, the normal to the reflecting surface at the point of incidence and reflected ray from that point, all lies in the same plane.
43. Define and show on a diagram, the following terms relating to a concave mirror:
(i) Aperture
(ii) Radius of curvature [Foreign]
Answer. (i) The diameter of the reflecting surface of the mirror is called aperture.
light-reflection-and-refraction-chapter-wise-important-questions-class-10-science-47
(ii) The radius of the sphere of which the reflecting surface of the spherical mirror forms a part is called the radius of curvature of the mirror.
44. Define the focus of a concave mirror. If the radius of curvature of a convex mirror is 30 cm, what would be its focal length? [Foreign]
Answer. The point on the principal axis where all the rays parallel to it meet after reflection is called focus. Since, R = 30 cm and f=R/2 we have, f=+15 cm for a convex mirror.
45. Distinguish between a real and a virtual image of an object. What type of image is formed (i) by a plane mirror, (ii) on a cinema screen? [Foreign]
Answer. If light rays after reflection converge to a point to form an image on its own, it is called a real image. If they are diverging, then they form a virtual image. Real image can be obtained on a screen, while a virtual image cannot be.
(i) Plane mirror forms virtual image.
(ii) On cinema screen, real image is formed.
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUEST10NS [II] [3 Marks] – Year 2011
46. Draw a ray diagram and also state the position, the relative size and the nature of image formed by a concave mirror when the object is placed at the centre of curvature of the mirror. [Delhi]
Answer.
47. Define ‘refractive index of a transparent medium.’ What is its unit? Which has a higher refractive index, glass or water? [Delhi]
Answer. The ratio of the speed of light in the free space (c) to the speed of light in given medium (ѵ) is called its refractive index.
n=c/ѵ
It has no unit. Glass has more refractive index than water.
48. A ray of light travelling in air enters obliquely into water. Does the light ray bend towards or away from the normal ? Why? Draw a ray diagram to show the refraction of light in this situation. [Delhi]
Answer. Light bends towards the normal because water is denser than air.
The ray bends towards the normal because it has to travel with a lesser speed in water but with shorter time.
49. (a) “The refractive index of diamond is 2.42”. What is the meaning of this statement?
(b) Name a liquid whose mass density is less than that of water but it is optically denser than water. [Delhi]
Answer. (a) This means that the ratio of speed of light in air and the speed of light in diamond is equal to 2.42. (b) Kerosene
50. An object is placed between infinity and the pole of a convex mirror. Draw a ray diagram and also state the position, the relative size and the nature of the image formed. [All India]
Answer.
light-reflection-and-refraction-chapter-wise-important-questions-class-10-science-50
51. What is the principle of reversibility of light? Show that the incident ray of light is parallel to the emergent ray of light when light falls obliquely on a side of a rectangular glass slab. [All India]
Answer. The final path of the ray of light after reflections or refractions is reversed; the ray retraces its entire path. This principle is called reversibility of light.
Here are the questions along with their answers for the “Light Reflection and Refraction” chapter, class 10 Science:
—
1. Define the principal focus of a convex lens.
Answer: The principal focus of a convex lens is the point on the principal axis where light rays parallel to the axis converge after passing through the lens.
2. A concave mirror produces an image 3 times the size of an object. If the object is placed 15 cm from the mirror, find the image distance.
Answer:
Magnification, ,
Given , and ,
So, ,
Therefore, .
3. Derive the mirror formula for a concave mirror.
Answer: The mirror formula is:
\frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{v} + \frac{1}{u}
4. State the laws of refraction.
Answer:
1. The incident ray, the refracted ray, and the normal to the interface of two media all lie in the same plane.
2. The ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction is constant for the two given media (Snell’s law):
{sin i}÷{sin r} = {constant}
5. What is meant by lateral inversion? Explain with a diagram.
Answer: Lateral inversion is the phenomenon where the left side of an object appears as the right side in the image formed by a plane mirror, and vice versa.
6. An object is placed 10 cm in front of a plane mirror. Calculate the distance between the object and its image.
Answer: For a plane mirror, the distance of the object from the mirror equals the distance of the image from the mirror. So, the total distance between the object and its image is .
7. A ray of light travels from air to water. Will its frequency change? Justify your answer.
Answer: No, the frequency of light does not change when it passes from one medium to another. Only the speed and wavelength change, but the frequency remains constant.
8. Draw a ray diagram showing the refraction of light through a glass prism.
Answer: A diagram should show light bending towards the base of the prism upon entering and exiting the prism due to refraction at both surfaces.
9. Why do stars appear twinkling?
Answer: Stars twinkle due to atmospheric refraction. The starlight passes through the Earth’s atmosphere, which has varying optical density, causing the light to bend and its apparent position to fluctuate, making the stars appear to twinkle.
10. Explain total internal reflection with the help of an example.
Answer: Total internal reflection occurs when light travels from a denser to a rarer medium and the angle of incidence exceeds the
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