19. Control and Coordination
61. What is the structural and functional unit of the nervous system?
a) Neuron
b) Brain
c) Spinal cord
d) Nerve
Answer: a) Neuron
Explanation: Neurons are specialized cells that transmit nerve impulses, forming the basic unit of the nervous system.
62. Which part of the brain controls voluntary actions?
a) Cerebrum
b) Cerebellum
c) Medulla oblongata
d) Pons
Answer: a) Cerebrum
Explanation: The cerebrum is responsible for higher cognitive functions and voluntary actions.
63. Which hormone is secreted by the pancreas?
a) Insulin
b) Thyroxine
c) Adrenaline
d) Testosterone
Answer: a) Insulin
Explanation: Insulin regulates blood glucose levels and is secreted by the pancreas.
64. What is the function of auxin in plants?
a) Inhibit growth
b) Promote growth in shoot tips
c) Stimulate root formation
d) Cause fruit ripening
Answer: b) Promote growth in shoot tips
Explanation: Auxins promote cell elongation in shoot tips, allowing upward growth.
20. Reproduction in Animals
65. Which type of reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes?
a) Binary fission
b) Budding
c) Sexual reproduction
d) Asexual reproduction
Answer: c) Sexual reproduction
Explanation: Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of gametes, leading to genetic diversity.
66. What is external fertilization?
a) Fertilization occurring inside the body
b) Fertilization occurring outside the body
c) Fertilization in laboratory conditions
d) Fertilization involving self-pollination
Answer: b) Fertilization occurring outside the body
Explanation: In external fertilization, eggs and sperm meet outside the organism’s body, as seen in fish and amphibians.
67. Which reproductive process produces identical offspring?
a) Asexual reproduction
b) Sexual reproduction
c) Fertilization
d) Pollination
Answer: a) Asexual reproduction
Explanation: Asexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring because it involves a single parent.
21. Heredity
68. Who is known as the father of genetics?
a) Charles Darwin
b) Gregor Mendel
c) Watson and Crick
d) Alexander Fleming
Answer: b) Gregor Mendel
Explanation: Gregor Mendel’s experiments with pea plants laid the foundation for modern genetics.
69. What is a dominant trait?
a) A trait that disappears in offspring
b) A trait expressed in the presence of a recessive trait
c) A trait found only in animals
d) A trait that can mutate
Answer: b) A trait expressed in the presence of a recessive trait
Explanation: Dominant traits mask recessive traits when both are present.
70. Which organism did Mendel use for his experiments?
a) Fruit flies
b) Pea plants
c) Bacteria
d) Mice
Answer: b) Pea plants
Explanation: Mendel used pea plants due to their clear, observable traits.
22. Diseases and Prevention
71. Which of the following is a bacterial disease?
a) Malaria
b) Tuberculosis
c) AIDS
d) Influenza
Answer: b) Tuberculosis
Explanation: Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a type of bacteria.
72. Which part of the immune system produces antibodies?
a) T cells
b) B cells
c) Red blood cells
d) Platelets
Answer: b) B cells
Explanation: B cells are a type of white blood cell that produces antibodies
B cells
c) Red blood cells
d) Platelets
Answer: b) B cells
Explanation: B cells are a type of white blood cell that produces antibodies
73. What is the causative agent of AIDS?
a) Bacteria
b) Virus
c) Protozoa
d) Fungus
Answer: b) Virus
Explanation: AIDS is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).
23. Adaptations and Survival
74. Why do desert plants have thick stems?
a) To store food
b) To store water
c) To perform photosynthesis
d) To attract pollinators
Answer: b) To store water
Explanation: Thick stems help desert plants like cacti store water for survival in arid conditions.
75. What is hibernation?
a) Migration to warmer regions
b) Periodic reproduction
c) Long-term inactivity during cold seasons
d) A method of feeding young ones
Answer: c) Long-term inactivity during cold seasons
Explanation: Hibernation allows animals to conserve energy during cold, resource-scarce winters.
24. Biotechnology
76. What is genetic engineering?
a) Traditional breeding of plants
b) Modification of DNA to alter traits
c) Study of ecosystems
d) Use of enzymes in digestion
Answer: b) Modification of DNA to alter traits
Explanation: Genetic engineering involves directly altering an organism’s DNA.
77. Which organism is commonly used in genetic engineering?
a) Fruit fly
b) Bacterium E. coli
c) Yeast
d) Frog
Answer: b) Bacterium E. coli
Explanation: E. coli is widely used due to its simple genome and rapid reproduction.
25. Environment and Sustainable Development
78. What is the main cause of global warming?
a) Ozone depletion
b) Increased CO₂ emissions
c) Deforestation
d) Acid rain
Answer: b) Increased CO₂ emissions
Explanation: Carbon dioxide emissions trap heat in the atmosphere, leading to global warming.
79. Which type of waste is non-biodegradable?
a) Vegetable peels
b) Plastic bags
c) Paper
d) Cotton cloth
Answer: b) Plastic bags
Explanation: Non-biodegradable waste, like plastic, does not decompose naturally.
80. What is the primary function of decomposers in an ecosystem?
a) Produce energy
b) Fix nitrogen
c) Break down dead matter
d) Consume primary consumers
Answer: c) Break down dead matter
Explanation: Decomposers recycle nutrients by breaking down organic material.
81. What is “afforestation”?
a) Cutting down trees
b) Planting trees on barren land
c) Building dams
d) Grazing livestock
Answer: b) Planting trees on barren land
Explanation: Afforestation helps restore forests and maintain ecological balance.
26. Plant Physiology
82. Which process in plants is responsible for water loss in the form of vapor?
a) Transpiration
b) Photosynthesis
c) Respiration
d) Absorption
Answer: a) Transpiration
Explanation: Transpiration occurs through stomata, helping in water transport and cooling.
83. What is the role of stomata in plants?
a) Transport nutrients
b) Store water
c) Facilitate gas exchange
d) Provide structural support
Answer: c) Facilitate gas exchange
Explanation: Stomata control the exchange of gases and water vapor.
84. Which mineral is essential for the synthesis of chlorophyll?
a) Potassium
b) Nitrogen
c) Magnesium
d) Calcium
Answer: c) Magnesium
Explanation: Magnesium is a central component of chlorophyll molecules.
27. Human Body Systems
85. What is the primary function of the large intestine?
a) Absorb nutrients
b) Absorb water and form feces
c) Digest fats
d) Store bile
Answer: b) Absorb water and form feces
Explanation: The large intestine absorbs water from undigested food and compacts waste into feces.
86. Which organ controls the coordination of muscular movements?
a) Cerebrum
b) Cerebellum
c) Medulla
d) Hypothalamus
Answer: b) Cerebellum
Explanation: The cerebellum coordinates voluntary muscular movements.
87. How many chambers are present in the human heart?
a) Two
b) Three
c) Four
d) Five
Answer: c) Four
Explanation: The heart has four chambers: two atria and two ventricles.
28. Microorganisms
88. Which microorganism is used in the production of alcohol?
a) Bacteria
b) Yeast
c) Virus
d) Protozoa
Answer: b) Yeast
Explanation: Yeast ferments sugars to produce alcohol in brewing.
89. Which disease is caused by Plasmodium?
a) Dengue
b) Tuberculosis
c) Malaria
d) Cholera
Answer: c) Malaria
Explanation: Malaria is caused by the protozoan Plasmodium, transmitted by mosquitoes.
29. Evolution
90. Which theory was proposed by Charles Darwin?
a) Theory of Relativity
b) Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection
c) Germ Theory
d) Cell Theory
Answer: b) Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection
Explanation: Darwin’s theory explains how organisms evolve through survival of the fittest.
91. What is a homologous structure?
a) Structures with similar function but different origin
b) Structures with similar origin but different function
c) Identical structures in all organisms
d) None of the above
Answer: b) Structures with similar origin but different function
Explanation: Homologous structures indicate common ancestry despite different functions.
30. Biotechnology
92. What is the full form of DNA?
a) Deoxyribonucleic Acid
b) Dioxyribonucleic Acid
c) Deoxyribonitrogen Acid
d) Deoxynitro Acid
Answer: a) Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Explanation: DNA stores genetic information in all living organisms.
93. Which process is used to produce identical copies of an organism?
a) Genetic engineering
b) Cloning
c) Cross-breeding
d) Mutation
Answer: b) Cloning
Explanation: Cloning creates genetically identical organisms from a single parent.
31. Miscellaneous
94. Which gas is released during photosynthesis?
a) Carbon dioxide
b) Oxygen
c) Nitrogen
d) Hydrogen
Answer: b) Oxygen
Explanation: Oxygen is a by-product of photosynthesis in plants.
95. What is the term for plants that grow in waterlogged conditions?
a) Xerophytes
b) Hydrophytes
c) Epiphytes
d) Mesophytes
Answer: b) Hydrophytes
Explanation: Hydrophytes are adapted to survive in aquatic environments.
96. What is the role of lymph in the human body?
a) Transport oxygen
b) Fight infections and maintain fluid balance
c) Digest proteins
d) Store energy
Answer: b) Fight infections and maintain fluid balance
Explanation: Lymph contains white blood cells and helps in immunity and maintaining fluid levels.
Final Set
97. What is symbiosis?
a) Competition between species
b) A mutually beneficial relationship between two organisms
c) A relationship where one benefits and the other is harmed
d) None of the above
Answer: b) A mutually beneficial relationship between two organisms
Explanation: Symbiosis is seen in examples like lichens, where both organisms benefit.
98. Which structure in humans produces red blood cells?
a) Liver
b) Bone marrow
c) Kidney
d) Heart
Answer: b) Bone marrow
Explanation: Bone marrow is the primary site for red blood cell production.
99. What is the scientific name of the process of cell division in somatic cells?
a) Mitosis
b) Meiosis
c) Binary fission
d) Budding
Answer: a) Mitosis
Explanation: Mitosis ensures equal distribution of genetic material to daughter cells.
100. What is the basic unit of life?
a) Atom
b) Cell
c) Tissue
d) Organ
Answer: b) Cell
Explanation: The cell is the fundamental structural and functional unit of all living organisms.Robert hook discovered the Cell in 1665 while looking at a thin slice of cork under a microscope:
Discovery
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